华冠余世苓菽水图轴

"《余世苓菽水图》轴
清
华冠绘
纸本
设色
纵90.2厘米
横49.1厘米

款署：“锡山华冠写

”钤“华冠书画”白文印

右上余世苓自题：“菽水图

岁次辛亥
余年三十六时小照也

曾几何时
风木悲深
画中景象
渺不可追

览图不禁泣下
敬成一绝以志哀慕

不堪重展当年画
须鬓如丝境已非

菽水依然仍负挈
问君何处访庭闱

时嘉庆壬戌夏日
余世苓自题于皖江官舍

”钤“世苓”白文印、“余田”朱文印

“辛亥”是清乾隆五十六年（1791年）
“壬戌”是嘉庆七年（1802年）

余世苓（1756－1839年左右）
字松田
号藕时
浙江诸暨高湖沿人

家境贫寒
曾先后在安徽、江苏及直隶等地任微职
以孝行闻名

由图上余世苓墨题而知他与华冠有着深厚的友谊
此图是他36岁时华冠为他所绘

作为肖像画
华冠没有将像主画成正襟危坐的标准像样式
而是将像主置身于日常生活的环境中
绘他在冰天雪地的户外身穿单衣、足着草履、肩扛手提菽水急行赶路的情景

菽水原指豆子和水
意为粗茶淡饭
后引申为晚辈对长辈的供养

图中远山、近水及坡地运用“有限中出无限
无画处成妙境”的表现技法
以不露笔痕的淡墨轻渍
令画作荒寒之气顿生
不仅准确地表现出寒冬恶劣的气候环境
而且暗示出像主在艰苦的生活条件下尽心孝敬父母的高逸人品

人物面部先以淡色晕染
后以重墨点画眉眼
将像主充满睿智的神态表现得惟妙惟肖
显示出作者较强的人像写真功底

　华冠（生卒年不详）
原名庆冠
字庆吉
号吉崖、希逸
江苏无锡人

官广西同知

擅绘山水、花卉木石
尤工肖像写真

乾隆皇帝南巡时
以画御容像受赏识
遂被征入京师

他从此游艺于皇族贵戚间
并为他们画了大量的肖像画

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Section1;}-- /style人物画的一种
专指描绘人物相貌形神的绘画
可分为头像、半身像、全身像、群像等

中国的肖像画传统称谓有“传神”或“写真”
它是以现实生活中或历史上客观存在的人物为描绘对象
通过以形写神、迁想妙得等创作方法
着重刻划人物本身特定的外形特征和内在神韵
获得形神兼备的效果

"